The Eight Signs of Fu Hsi

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Legend tells that the mythical god-emperor Fu Hsi (2400 BC) discovered the eight trigrams on the back of a sacred tortoise. Later, in the 11th century, the "I Ching", an ancient Chinese book and one of the classics of Confucianism, used for divination and as a moral, philosophical and cosmological text, was arranged in a certain order. It is based on 64 symbolic hexagrams, each consisting of a pair of trigrams which are made up of three parallel lines. A single trigram has 2^3 possible arrangements, i.e. the 8 symbols of Fu Hsi.

Three of these signs are shown opposite, each with its numerical value. Can you deduce what number comes with the fourth sign shown and why Leibniz belongs in this story too?






Solution (not for the tenacious)